Integrated circuit for controlling a process

ABSTRACT

A radio transmission apparatus performs communications with high transmission efficiency. In this apparatus, a modulator modulates data and outputs to a first spreader. A second modulator modulates data under a modulation scheme having a higher M-ary number than the first modulator and outputs the modulated data to a second spreader. The first spreader spreads the data and outputs the spread data to a frequency domain mapping section. The second spreader spreads the data and outputs the spread data to a time domain mapping section. A frequency domain mapping section maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the frequency domain and outputs the data with chips mapped on subcarriers to an IFFT section. The time domain mapping section maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the time domain and outputs the data with chips mapped on subcarriers to the IFFT section.

This is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 13/284,764filed Oct. 28, 2011, which is a continuation application of applicationSer. No. 12/498,106 filed Jul. 6, 2009, which is a continuationapplication of application Ser. No. 10/568,448 filed Feb. 15, 2006,which is a national stage of PCT/JP2004/011851 filed Aug. 18, 2004,which is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-295614 filed onAug. 19, 2003, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated byreference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for radiotransmission.

BACKGROUND ART

As a method of transmitting a large volume of data at a high speed, asystem combining an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple) andCDMA is under study in recent years. As a system combining OFDM andCDMA, there are two schemes; a scheme whereby chips with spread data aremapped on subcarriers in a frequency domain and a scheme whereby chipswith spread data are mapped on subcarriers in a time domain.

When data is spread in the frequency domain, there may be violentpropagation channel variation in the frequency domain caused byfrequency selective fading due to a multipath environment, which causesorthogonality among spreading codes to be lost deteriorating itsreception characteristic though a frequency diversity effect can beobtained during despreading.

When data is spread in the time axis domain, a variation in thepropagation channel in the time axis domain is relatively moderatecompared to that in the frequency domain, and therefore little frequencydiversity effect is obtained, but orthogonality among spreading codes ismaintained. However, data assigned to subcarriers with sharp drops has avery low reception SNR, and therefore there is a high probability thatthe data may be completely erroneous.

Especially when codes are multiplexed using M-ary modulation such as 16QAM, deterioration of reception performance due to loss of orthogonalityamong spreading codes is drastic, and therefore spreading in the timeaxis domain has a better characteristic than spreading in the frequencydomain.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

However, both methods of the conventional apparatus have advantages anddisadvantages and have a problem that it is difficult to improvetransmission efficiency by combining OFDM and CDMA.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus andmethod for radio transmission capable of carrying out communicationswith high transmission efficiency.

Technique for Solving the Problem

The radio transmission apparatus according to the present invention is aradio transmission apparatus that transmits a radio signal consisting ofa plurality of subcarriers and adopts a configuration comprising amodulator that modulates transmission data using a first modulationscheme to obtain first modulated data and modulates the transmissiondata using a second modulation scheme of a higher modulation M-arynumber than the first modulation scheme to obtain second modulated data,a spreader that spreads the first modulated data to obtain a pluralityof first chips and spreads the second modulated data to obtain aplurality of second chips and a mapping unit that maps the first chipson a plurality of first subcarriers mapped in the frequency domain andmaps the second chips on a plurality of second subcarriers mapped in thetime domain.

Advantageous Effect of the Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to realizecommunications with a high degree of transmission efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of channel variations in the frequencydomain;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a channel variation on a time axis;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of chip arrangement of a radiocommunication apparatus of the above described embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of themapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of spread data;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of data mapped on subcarriers;

FIG. 8 is another block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of ademapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe mapping section of the radio communication apparatus in the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of channel variation in the frequencydomain;

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of chip arrangement of the radiocommunication apparatus of the above described embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe demapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of spread data;

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of data mapped on subcarriers;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe mapping section of the radio communication apparatus of thisembodiment;

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of spread data;

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of data mapped on subcarriers;

FIG. 22 is another block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 23 is block diagram showing an example of the configuration of ademapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe mapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 26 is another block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of ademapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe mapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment;

FIG. 30 is another block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of ademapping section of the radio communication apparatus of the abovedescribed embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Now, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings below.

(Embodiment 1)

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention. The radio communication apparatus 100 in FIG. 1 isprincipally comprised of coder 101, modulator 102, spreader 103, radioreception section 104, decision section 105, mapping section 106, IFFTsection 107, P/S converter 108, G.I addition section 109 and radiotransmission section 110.

In FIG. 1, coder 101 codes data to be transmitted and outputs the datato modulator 102. Modulator 102 modulates the data and outputs themodulated data to spreader 103. Spreader 103 multiplies the data by aspreading code and outputs the multiplication result to mapping section106.

Radio reception section 104 receives a radio signal transmitted from theother communication party, amplifies, converts the signal to a signalwith a baseband frequency, demodulates and decodes it to obtaininformation about propagation channel quality of each subcarrier. Radioreception section 104 outputs the information about the propagationchannel quality to decision section 105. Decision section 105 decideswhether the propagation channel quality is equal to or higher or lowerthan a predetermined level for each subcarrier and outputs the decisionresult to mapping section 106.

Mapping section 106 maps chips with spread data in the time axis domain.Furthermore, mapping section 106 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level in the frequency domain. Mapping section 106 thenoutputs the data (chips) mapped on the respective subcarriers to IFFTsection 107.

IFFT section 107 applies an inverse fast Fourier transform to the datamapped on the respective subcarriers and outputs the converted data toP/S converter 108. P/S converter 108 converts the data after IFFT fromparallel to serial and outputs the serial data to G.I addition section109.

G.I addition section 109 adds a guard interval to the data and outputsit to radio transmission section 110. Radio transmission section 110converts the data to data with a radio frequency.

Next, the operation of data arrangement of the radio communicationapparatus according to this embodiment will be explained. FIG. 2illustrates an example of channel variations in the frequency domain. InFIG. 2, the vertical axis shows a reception level and the horizontalaxis shows a frequency. Furthermore, f1 to f12 show subcarrierfrequencies. In FIG. 2, signals having f2, f5, f8, f11 have very lowreception levels due to frequency selective fading. The leveldifferences among frequencies are very large. For example, the leveldifference between the signal having f10 and signal having f11 and thelevel difference between the signal having f11 and signal having f12 arevery large.

On the other hand, variations of the respective frequencies in the timedomain have smaller level differences than variations in the frequencydomain. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a channel variation on a timeaxis. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis shows a reception level and thehorizontal axis shows a time. The reception level in FIG. 3 is expressedon the same scale as that of the reception level in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 shows variations in the time domain of the signals havingfrequencies f10, f11 and f12 in FIG. 2. It is appreciated thatvariations of the respective signals in the time domain have smallerlevel differences than those in FIG. 2.

Therefore, the present invention transmits chips with spread data mappedon carriers having reception levels equal to or higher than apredetermined level in the time domain and transmits chips with spreaddata mapped on carriers having reception levels tower than apredetermined level in the frequency domain.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of chip arrangement of a radiocommunication apparatus of this embodiment. In FIG. 4, the vertical axisshows a time and the horizontal axis shows a frequency. Furthermore,frequencies f1 to f12 in FIG. 4 correspond to frequencies f1 to f12 inFIG. 2.

Radio communication apparatus 100 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers having frequencies f1, f3, f4, f6, f7, f9, 110 and f12having reception levels equal to or higher than a predetermined level inthe time domain. For example, chips obtained by spreading transmissiondata are mapped at positions 411, 412, 413 and 414.

Radio communication apparatus 100 then maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers having frequencies f2, f5, f8 and f11 having receptionlevels lower than a predetermined level in the frequency domain. Forexample, chips obtained by spreading transmission data are mapped atpositions 421, 431, 441 and 451.

Next, details of mapping section 106 will be explained. FIG. 5 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the mappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment. Mappingsection 106 in FIG. 5 is principally comprised of mapping controller501, switch 502, time domain mapping section 503, frequency domainmapping section 504 and switch 505.

In FIG. 5, mapping controller 501 controls switch 502 and switch 505based on a decision result output from decision section 105.

First, mapping controller 501 outputs an instruction to switch 502 tooutput data to be mapped on subcarriers having propagation channelquality equal to or higher than a predetermined level from spreader 103to time domain mapping section 503. Next, mapping controller 501 outputsan instruction to switch 502 to output data to be mapped on subcarriershaving propagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level fromspreader 103 to frequency domain mapping section 504.

Furthermore, mapping controller 501 outputs the number of subcarriershaving propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level to time domain mapping section 503 and outputs thenumber of subcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain mapping section 504.Furthermore, mapping controller 501 outputs frequencies of thesubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level and frequencies of the subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level to switch505.

Following the instruction of mapping controller 501, switch 502 outputschips spread by spreader 103 to time domain mapping section 503 orfrequency domain mapping section 504. Time domain mapping section 503maps the chips on their respective subcarriers in the time domain andoutputs them to switch 505. Frequency domain mapping section 504 mapsthe chips on their respective subcarriers in the frequency domain andoutputs them to switch 505.

Switch 505 outputs the chips output from time domain mapping section 503to subcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higherthan a predetermined level and outputs the chips output from frequencydomain mapping section 504 to subcarriers having propagation channelquality lower than a predetermined level.

An example of mapping using the above described configuration will beexplained below. FIG. 6 illustrates an example of spread data. FIG. 7illustrates an example of data mapped on subcarriers. The data in FIG. 6is spread at a spreading factor of 4 and one piece of data is spread onfour chips. Furthermore, in FIG. 7, propagation channel quality ofcarrier frequency f1, f3, f6 and f7 is equal to or higher than apredetermined level, whereas propagation channel quality of carrierfrequency f2, f4, f5 and f8 is lower than a predetermined level.

Data 601 is mapped to frequency f1 in FIG. 7. Next, data 602 is mappedto frequency f3 in FIG. 7, data 603 is mapped to frequency f6 in FIG. 7and data 604 is mapped to frequency f7 in FIG. 7 in the time axisdomain.

After data is mapped to carrier frequencies having propagation channelquality equal to or higher than a predetermined level in the time axisdomain, data is mapped to carrier frequencies having propagation channelquality lower than a predetermined level in the frequency domain.

Data 605 is mapped to positions 701, 702, 703 and 704 of frequencies f2,f4, f5 and f8. Likewise, data 606, 607 and 608 are mapped to frequenciesf2, f4, f5 and f8 in chip units.

Through the above described operation, radio communication apparatus 100maps data to carrier frequencies having propagation channel qualityequal to or higher than a predetermined level in the time axis domainand maps data to carrier frequencies having propagation channel qualitylower than a predetermined level in the frequency domain.

Next, an example where data transmitted by radio communication apparatus100 is received will be explained. FIG. 8 is another block diagramshowing the configuration of the radio communication apparatus accordingto Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The radio communicationapparatus 800 in FIG. 8 is principally comprised of radio receptionsection 801, G.I deletion section 802, S/P converter 803, FFT section804, demapping section 805, channel estimation section 806, decisionsection 807, radio transmission section 808, despreader 809, demodulator810 and decoder 811.

In FIG. 8, radio reception section 801 receives a radio signaltransmitted from radio communication apparatus 100, converts this radiosignal to a signal with a baseband frequency, outputs the receivedsignal obtained to GA deletion section 802. G.I deletion section 802removes a guard interval from the received signal and outputs it to S/Pconverter 803.

S/P converter 803 converts data from serial to parallel and outputs itto FFT section 804. FFT section 804 subjects the received signals to afast Fourier transform and outputs the transformed received signals todemapping section 805.

Following the decision result of decision section 807, demapping section805 unites chips mapped in the time axis domain of received signals ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level into one piece of data and unites chips mapped inthe frequency axis domain of received signals of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level into onepiece of data.

Demapping section 805 then outputs the remapped data to despreader 809.Furthermore, demapping section 805 outputs the received signals of therespective subcarriers to channel estimation section 806.

Channel estimation section 806 estimates a propagation channelenvironment for each subcarrier and outputs the estimation results todecision section 807 and radio transmission section 808. For example,channel estimation section 806 measures reception quality of a pilotsignal inserted for each subcarrier and estimates a propagation channelenvironment for each subcarrier from this reception quality.

Decision section 807 decides whether propagation channel quality isequal to or higher or lower than a predetermined level for eachsubcarrier and outputs the decision results to demapping section 805.Decision section 807 makes such decisions based on the same reference asthat of decision section 105 of radio communication apparatus 100, andtherefore, it is possible to allow mapping section 106 of radiocommunication apparatus 100 and demapping section 805 of radiocommunication apparatus 800 to have the same subcarriers on which datachip components are mapped in the time domain and the same subcarrierson which data chip components are mapped in the frequency domain.

Radio transmission section 808 modulates information about the estimatedpropagation channel quality and converts it to a radio frequency andtransmits the signal as a radio signal to radio communication apparatus100. Despreader 809 despreads the remapped received data by multiplyingthe received data by a spreading code and outputs the despread data todemodulator 810. Demodulator 810 demodulates the received data andoutputs the demodulated data to decoder 811. Decoder 811 decodes thereceived data.

Next, details of demapping section 805 will be explained. FIG. 9 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the demappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.Demapping section 805 in FIG. 9 is principally constructed of demappingcontroller 901, switch 902, time domain demapping section 903, frequencydomain demapping section 904 and switch 905.

Demapping controller 901 controls switch 902 and switch 905 based on thedecision result output from decision section 807. Furthermore, demappingcontroller 901 outputs the frequencies of subcarriers having propagationchannel quality equal to or higher than a predetermined level and thefrequencies of subcarriers having propagation channel quality lower thana predetermined level to switch 902.

Demapping controller 901 outputs the number of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality equal to or higher than a predeterminedlevel to time domain demapping section 903 and outputs the number ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain demapping section 904.

Switch 902 outputs the received signals transmitted with subcarriershaving propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level to time domain demapping section 903 and outputs thereceived signals transmitted with subcarriers having propagation channelquality lower than a predetermined level to frequency domain demappingsection 904.

Time domain demapping section 903 unites chips mapped on theirrespective subcarriers in the time domain into one piece of data andoutput the data to switch 905. Frequency domain demapping section 904unites chips mapped on their respective subcarriers in the frequencydomain into one piece of data and output the data to switch 905.

Switch 905 outputs the received data output from time domain demappingsection 903 to despreader 809 and then outputs the received data outputfrom frequency domain demapping section 904 to despreader 809.

Thus, in an OFDM-CDMA communication, the radio communication apparatusof this embodiment maps chips on subcarriers having a propagationchannel environment better than a predetermined level in the tune axisdomain and chips on subcarriers having a propagation channel environmentworse than a predetermined level in the frequency domain, and therefore,it is possible to achieve the effect of maintaining orthogonality amongspreading codes when chips are spread in the time domain and thefrequency diversity effect when chips are spread in the frequencydomain.

In the above described embodiment, chips with spread data are mapped inthe frequency domain for subcarriers in a had propagation channelenvironment, but these chips may also be mapped two-dimensionally, inthe frequency domain and time axis domain. An example where chips aremapped two-dimensionally will be explained below.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe mapping section of the radio communication apparatus in thisembodiment. However, the same components as those in FIG. 5 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

The mapping section 106 in FIG. 10 is provided with two-dimensionalmapping section 1001 instead of frequency domain mapping section 504.Two-dimensional mapping section 1001 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers in a bad propagation channel environment two-dimensionally,in the frequency domain and time axis domain, and outputs the chips toswitch 505.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of channel variation in the frequencydomain. In FIG. 11, the vertical axis shows a reception level and thehorizontal axis shows a frequency. Furthermore, f1 to f12 indicatesubcarrier frequencies. In FIG. 11, signals of f2, f5, f8, f9, f10 andf11 have very low reception levels due to frequency selective fading.Signals of f1, f3, f4, f6, f7 and f12 have reception levels higher thanthreshold 1101.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of chip arrangement of the radiocommunication apparatus of this embodiment. In FIG. 12, the verticalaxis shows a time and the horizontal axis shows a frequency.Furthermore, frequencies f1 to f12 in FIG. 12 correspond to frequenciesf1 to f12 in FIG. 11.

Radio communication apparatus 100 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers of frequencies f1, f3, f4, f6, f7 and f12 having receptionlevels equal to or higher than a predetermined level in the time domain.For example, chips obtained by spreading transmission data are mapped atpositions 1211, 1212, 1213 and 1214.

Radio communication apparatus 100 then maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers having frequencies of f2, f5, f8, f9, f10 and f11 havingreception levels lower than a predetermined level two-dimensionally, inthe frequency domain and time axis domain. For example, chips obtainedby spreading transmission data are mapped at positions 1221, 1222, 1223and 1224.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration ofthe demapping section of the radio communication apparatus of thisembodiment. However, the same components as those in FIG. 9 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 9 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

Demapping section 805 in FIG. 13 is provided with two-dimensionaldemapping section 1301 instead of frequency domain demapping section904. Two-dimensional demapping section 1301 unites chips mapped onsubcarriers in a bad propagation channel environment two-dimensionally,in the frequency domain and time axis domain, into one piece of data andoutputs the data to switch 905.

Thus, for subcarriers in a bad propagation channel environment, chipswith spread data are mapped two-dimensionally, in the frequency domainand time axis domain.

Furthermore, according to the above described explanation, channelestimated values based on the received data of the corresponding frameare used as the input of the decision section for channel estimationsection 806 and decision section 807 on the receiver side, but when, forexample, FDD is used, it is possible to save channel estimated values ofthe preceding frame (decision section input on the transmitting side ofthe frame) and perform demapping based on this.

Furthermore, in the case of a TDD scheme, it is also possible to use amethod whereby the radio communication apparatuses on the transmittingside and receiving side perform channel estimation based on theirreceived signals respectively and do not send any channel estimatedvalues to the other communication party.

(Embodiment 2)

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

The radio communication apparatus 1400 in FIG. 14 is provided with coder1401, modulator 1402, modulator 1403, spreader 1404, spreader 1405 andmapping section 1406, and is different from FIG. 1 in that it maps chipson subcarriers for information bits two-dimensionally, in the frequencydomain and time domain, and maps chips on subcarriers for parity bits inthe time domain. Mapping section 1406 is comprised of two-dimensionalmapping section 1407 and time domain mapping section 1408.

In FIG. 14, coder 1401 codes data transmitted, outputs information bitsof the data to modulator 1402 and outputs parity bits to modulator 1403.Modulator 1402 modulates the information bits and outputs the modulatedinformation bits to spreader 1404. Modulator 1403 outputs the paritybits and outputs the modulated parity bits to spreader 1405.

Spreader 1404 multiplies the information bits by a spreading code andoutputs the multiplication result to two-dimensional mapping section1407. Spreader 1405 multiplies the parity bits by a spreading code andoutputs the multiplication result to time domain mapping section 1408.

Two-dimensional mapping section 1407 maps the chips of the informationbits on subcarriers two-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and timeaxis domain, and outputs the chips to IFFT section 107. Time domainmapping section 1408 maps chips of the parity bits on subcarriers in thetime domain and outputs the chips to IFFT section 107.

Next, mapping of the radio communication apparatus 1400 of thisembodiment will be explained. FIG. 15 illustrates an example of spreaddata. In the case of the data in FIG. 15, one piece of data is spreadinto four chips at a spreading factor of 4. Furthermore, in FIG. 15,data is coded at a coding rate of ½, the information bit consists offour bits 1501 to 1504 and the parity bit consists of four bits 1505 to1508.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of data mapped on subcarriers. FIG. 16,the vertical axis shows a frequency and the horizontal axis shows atime. In FIG. 16, radio communication apparatus 1400 maps informationbits 1501 to 1504 two-dimensionally, 2 chips in the frequency domain and2 chips in the time domain.

Furthermore, radio communication apparatus 1400 maps parity bits 1505 to1508 in the time domain.

Next, the radio communication apparatus that receives data transmittedfrom radio communication apparatus 1400 will be explained. FIG. 17 isanother block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 8 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 8 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

Radio communication apparatus 1700 in FIG. 17 is provided with demappingsection 1701, despreader 1702, despreader 1703, demodulator 1704,demodulator 1705 and decoder 1706, and is different from the radiocommunication apparatus in FIG. 8 in that it unites chips mapped onsubcarriers for information bits two-dimensionally, in the frequencydomain and time domain, into one information bit, and unites chipsmapped on subcarriers for parity bits in the time domain into one paritybit. Demapping section 1701 is constructed of two-dimensional demappingsection 1707 and time domain demapping section 1708.

FFT section 804 applies a fast Fourier transform to a received signaland outputs the transformed received signal to two-dimensional demappingsection 1707 and time domain demapping section 1708.

Two-dimensional demapping section 1707 unites chips mapped on respectivesubcarriers two-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and time domain,into one information bit and outputs the information bit to despreader1702. Time domain demapping section 1708 unites chips mapped onrespective subcarriers in the frequency domain into one parity bit andoutputs the parity bit to despreader 1703.

Despreader 1702 despreads the remapped information bit by multiplying itby a spreading code and outputs the spread information bit todemodulator 1704. Despreader 1703 despreads the remapped parity bit bymultiplying it by a spreading code and outputs the spread parity bit todemodulator 1705.

Demodulator 1704 demodulates the information bit and outputs thedemodulated bit to decoder 1706. Demodulator 1705 demodulates the paritybit and outputs the demodulated parity bit to decoder 1706. Decoder 1706decodes data from the information bit and parity bit.

Thus, in an OFDM-CDMA communication, the radio communication apparatusof this embodiment maps chips of information bits on subcarrierstwo-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and time domain, and mapschips of parity bits on subcarriers in the time domain, and therefore,it is possible to prevent the levels of information bits fromdeteriorating extremely, maintain orthogonality of parity bits and makethe most of characteristics of the respective bits necessary for errorcorrection.

According to the above described explanations, subcarriers for timedomain spreading and for two-dimensional spreading are completelyseparated, but there may also be subcarriers to which both spreadingmethods are applied.

(Embodiment 3)

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

Radio communication apparatus 1800 in FIG. 18 is provided with coder1801, coder 1802, modulator 1803, modulator 1804, spreader 1805,spreader 1806 and mapping section 1807, and is different from the radiocommunication apparatus in FIG. 1 in that when data coded at a pluralityof different coding rates are transmitted, for data coded at a highcoding rate, chips with spread data are mapped on subcarrierstwo-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and time domain and for datacoded at a low coding rate, chips with spread data are mapped onsubcarriers in the time domain.

Coder 1801 codes data to be transmitted and outputs the coded data tomodulator 1803. Coder 1802 codes data to be transmitted at a coding ratelower than that of coder 1801 and outputs the coded data to modulator1804.

Modulator 1803 modulates the data and outputs the modulated data tospreader 1805. Modulator 1804 modulates the data and outputs themodulated data to spreader 1806.

Spreader 1805 multiplies the data by a spreading code and outputs themultiplication result to mapping section 1807. Spreader 1806 multipliesthe data by a spreading code and outputs the multiplication result tomapping section 1807.

For the data output from spreader 1805, that is to say, data subjectedto coding processing at a high coding rate, mapping section 1807 mapschips with spread data on subcarriers two-dimensionally, in thefrequency domain and time domain. Furthermore, for data output fromspreader 1806, that is to say, data subjected to coding processing at alow coding rate, mapping section 1807 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers in the time domain. Mapping section 1807 then outputs thedata with chips mapped on subcarriers to IFFT section 107.

Next, details of mapping section 1807 will be explained. FIG. 19 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the mappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment

Mapping section 1807 in FIG. 19 is principally constructed oftwo-dimensional mapping section 1901, time domain mapping section 1902and adder 1903.

For data coded at a high coding rate, two-dimensional mapping section1901 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers two-dimensionally, inthe frequency domain and time axis domain, and outputs the chips toadder 1903. For data coded at a low coding rate, time domain mappingsection 1902 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the timedomain and outputs the chips to adder 1903.

Adder 1903 adds up the data output from two-dimensional mapping section1901 and data output from time domain mapping section 1902 for eachsubcarrier and outputs the addition result to IFFT section 107.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of spread data, The data in FIG. 20comprises of data 2001 coded at a low coding rate, data 2002 to 2005coded at coding rates higher than that of data 2001. FIG. 21 illustratesan example of data mapped on subcarriers. In FIG. 21, the vertical axisshows code multiplexing and the horizontal axis shows a frequency.Furthermore, the axis in the diagonal rightward domain shows a time.

For low coding rate data 2001, chips are mapped on subcarriers in thetime domain and for high coding rate data 2002 to 2005, chips are mappedon subcarriers two-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and timedomain.

Next, the radio communication apparatus that receives data transmittedfrom radio communication apparatus 1800 will be explained. FIG. 22 isanother block diagram showing the configuration of the radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 8 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 8 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 22, radio communication apparatus 2200 is provided withdemapping section 2201, despreader 2202, despreader 2203, demodulator2204, demodulator 2205, decoder 2206 and decoder 2207, and is differentfrom the radio communication apparatus in FIG. 8 in that for data codedat a high coding rate, it unites chips mapped on subcarrierstwo-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and time domain, into oneinformation bit, and for data coded at a low coding rate, it uniteschips mapped on subcarriers in the time domain into one parity bit.

In FIG. 22, FFT section 804 applies a fast Fourier transform to areceived signal and outputs the transformed received signal to demappingsection 2201.

Demapping section 2201 unites chips mapped on respective subcarrierstwo-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and time domain, into oneinformation bit, outputs the information bit to despreader 2202 andunites chips mapped on respective subcarriers in the time domain intoone parity bit and outputs the parity bit to despreader 2203.

Despreader 2202 multiplies the remapped data by a spreading code andoutputs the multiplication result to demodulator 2204. Despreader 2203multiplies the remapped data by a spreading code and outputs themultiplication result to demodulator 2205.

Demodulator 2204 demodulates the data and outputs it to decoder 2206.Demodulator 2205 demodulates the data and outputs it to decoder 2207.

Decoder 2206 and decoder 2207 decode the data. The coding rate for thedata processed by decoder 2206 corresponds to coder 1801 and the codingrate for the data processed by decoder 2207 corresponds to coder 1802.That is, the coding rate for the data processed by decoder 2206 ishigher than the coding rate for the data processed by decoder 2207.

Next, details of demapping section 2201 will be explained. FIG. 23 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of a demappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.

Demapping section 2201 in FIG. 23 is principally comprised oftwo-dimensional demapping section 2301 and time domain demapping section2302.

For data coded at a high coding rate, two-dimensional demapping section2301 unites chips mapped on respective subcarriers two-dimensionally, inthe frequency domain and time domain, into one information bit andoutputs the information bit to despreader 2202. For data coded at a lowcoding rate, time domain demapping section 2302 unites chips mapped onrespective subcarriers in the time domain into one parity bit andoutputs the parity bit to despreader 2203.

Thus, when data is transmitted coded at a plurality of different codingrates, the radio communication apparatus according to this embodimentmaps chips with spread data on subcarriers two-dimensionally, in thefrequency domain and time domain for data coded at a high coding rate,and maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the time domain fordata coded at a low coding rate, and therefore, it is possible toprevent bits of extremely low reception quality from being produced fordata coded at a high coding rate and prevent fewer parity bits frombeing received incorrectly and prevent error correction from beingperformed incorrectly.

According to the above described explanations, the coding rate isclassified into two types, but it is also possible to mix three or moretypes of coding rate. For example, for data coded at a predeterminedcoding rate or higher, it is possible to arrange chips with spread dataon subcarriers two-dimensionally, in the frequency domain and timedomain, and for data coded at a coding rate lower than a predeterminedspreading code, it is possible to arrange chips with spread data onsubcarriers in the time domain.

Furthermore, the above described explanations describe an example wherethe spreading factor is 4, but there is no limitation to the spreadingfactor and the present invention is applicable to any spreading factor.

(Embodiment 4)

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

Radio communication apparatus 2400 in FIG. 24 is provided with coder2401, modulator 2402, spreader 2403, spreader 2404 and mapping section2405, and is different from the radio communication apparatus in FIG. 1in that symbols spread in the frequency axis domain are spread at ahigher spreading factor than that of symbols spread in the time axisdomain. Furthermore, mapping section 2405 is principally constructed offrequency domain mapping section 2406 and time domain mapping section2407.

Coder 2401 codes data to be transmitted and outputs the coded data tomodulator 2402. Modulator 2402 modulates the data and outputs part ofthe modulated data to spreader 2403 and outputs the other part of thedata to spreader 2404.

Spreader 2403 spreads data and output the spread data to frequencydomain mapping section 2406 in mapping section 2405. Spreader 2404spreads data at a spreading factor lower than that of spreader 2403 andoutputs the spread data to time domain mapping section 2407 in mappingsection 2405.

Frequency domain mapping section 2406 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers in the frequency domain and outputs the data with chipsmapped on subcarriers to IFFT section 107. Time domain mapping section2407 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the time domain andoutputs data with chips mapped on subcarriers to IFFT section 107.

Next, details of mapping section 2405 will be explained. FIG. 25 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the mappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.

Mapping controller 2501 outputs the number of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality equal to or higher than a predeterminedlevel to time domain mapping section 2407 and outputs the number ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain mapping section 2406.Furthermore, mapping controller 2501 outputs the frequencies ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level and the frequencies of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level to switch2502.

For the data output from spreader 2403, frequency domain mapping section2406 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the frequency domainand outputs the chips to switch 2502. Time domain mapping section 2407maps chips spread at a lower spreading factor on subcarriers in the timedomain and outputs the chips to switch 2502.

Switch 2502 outputs chips output from time domain mapping section 2407to subcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higherthan a predetermined level and outputs chips output from frequencydomain mapping section 2406 to subcarriers having propagation channelquality lower than a predetermined level.

Through the above described operation, radio communication apparatus2400 maps data to carrier frequencies having propagation channel qualityequal to or higher than a predetermined level in the time axis domainand maps data spread at a higher spreading factor than data mapped inthe time axis domain to carrier frequencies having propagation channelquality lower than a predetermined level in the frequency domain.

Next, an example where data transmitted by radio communication apparatus2400 is received will be explained. FIG. 26 is a block diagram showingthe configuration of a radio communication apparatus according toEmbodiment 4 of the present invention.

Radio communication apparatus 2600 in FIG. 26 is provided with demappingsection 2601, despreader 2602, despreader 2603, demodulator 2604 anddecoder 2605, and is different from the radio communication apparatus inFIG. 8 in that symbols spread in the frequency axis domain are despreadat a higher spreading factor than symbols spread in the time axisdomain. Furthermore, demapping section 2601 is principally comprised offrequency domain demapping section 2606 and time domain demappingsection 2607.

Following the decision result of decision section 807, demapping section2601 unites chips mapped in the time axis domain of received signals ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level into one piece of data and unites chips mapped inthe frequency domain of received signals of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level into onepiece of data.

Despreader 2602 despread.s the remapped data and outputs the data todemodulator 2604. Despreader 2603 despreads the remapped data at a lowerspreading factor than despreader 2602 and output the data to demodulator2604. Demodulator 2604 demodulates the received data and outputs thedemodulated data to decoder 2605. Decoder 2605 decodes the receiveddata.

Next, details of demapping section 2601 will be explained. FIG. 27 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the demappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.Demapping section 2601 in FIG. 27 is principally constructed ofdemapping controller 2701, switch 2702, frequency domain demappingsection 2606 and time domain demapping section 2607.

Based on the decision result output from decision section 807, demappingcontroller 2701 controls switch 2702. Furthermore, demapping controller2701 outputs the frequencies of subcarriers having propagation channelquality equal to or higher than a predetermined level and thefrequencies of subcarriers having propagation channel quality lower thana predetermined level to switch 2702.

Demapping controller 2701 outputs the number of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality equal to or higher than a predeterminedlevel to time domain demapping section 2607 and outputs the number ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain demapping section 2606.

Switch 2702 outputs the received signals transmitted by subcarriershaving propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level to time domain demapping section 2607 and outputsthe received signals transmitted by subcarriers having propagationchannel quality lower than a predetermined level to frequency domaindemapping section 2606.

Time domain demapping section 2607 unites chips mapped on respectivesubcarriers in the time domain into one piece of data and outputs thedata to despreader 2603. Frequency domain demapping section 2606 uniteschips mapped on respective subcarriers in the frequency domain into onepiece of data and outputs the data to despreader 2602.

Thus, in an OFDM-CDMA communication, the radio communication apparatusof this embodiment spreads symbols spread in the frequency axis domainat a higher spreading factor than symbols spread in the time axisdomain, maps chips on which transmission data is spread on subcarriershaving a propagation channel environment better than a predeterminedlevel in the time axis domain, maps chips on subcarriers having apropagation channel environment worse than a predetermined level in thefrequency domain, and therefore, it is possible to achieve the effect ofmaintaining orthogonality among spreading codes when chips are spread inthe time domain and the frequency diversity effect when chips are spreadin the frequency domain simultaneously.

(Embodiment 5)

FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a radiocommunication apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the presentinvention. However, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are assignedthe same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 and detailed explanationsthereof will be omitted.

Radio communication apparatus 2800 in FIG. 28 is provided with coder2801, modulator 2802, modulator 2803, spreader 2804, spreader 2805 andmapping section 2806, and is different from the radio communicationapparatus in FIG. 1 in that symbols spread in the time axis domain aremodulated under a modulation scheme with a higher M-ary number thansymbols spread in the frequency axis domain. Furthermore, mappingsection 2806 is principally comprised of frequency domain mappingsection 2807 and time domain mapping section 2808.

Coder 2801 codes data to be transmitted, outputs part of the coded datato modulator 2802 and outputs the other part of the data to modulator2803.

Modulator 2802 modulates the data and outputs the modulated data tospreader 2804. Modulator 2803 modulates the data under a modulationscheme with a higher M-ary number than modulator 2802 and outputs themodulated data to spreader 2805. For example, modulator 2802 modulatesthe data with BPSK or QPSK and modulator 2803 modulates the data with 16QAM or 64 QAM.

Spreader 2804 spreads the data and outputs the spread data to frequencydomain mapping section 2807 in mapping section 2806. Spreader 2805spreads the data and outputs the spread data to time domain mappingsection 2808 in mapping section 2806.

Frequency domain mapping section 2807 maps chips with spread data onsubcarriers in the frequency domain and outputs the data with chipsmapped on subcarriers to IFFT section 107. Time domain mapping section2808 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the time domain andoutputs the data with chips mapped on subcarriers to IFFT section 107.

Next, details of mapping section 2806 will be explained. FIG. 29 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the mappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.

Mapping controller 2901 outputs the number of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality equal to or higher than a predeterminedlevel to time domain mapping section 2808 and outputs the number ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain mapping section 2807.Furthermore, mapping controller 2901 outputs the frequencies ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level and the frequencies of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level to switch2902.

For the data output from spreader 2804, frequency domain mapping section2807 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the frequency domainand outputs the chips to switch 2902. For the data modulated under amodulation scheme with a high Mary number, time domain mapping section2808 maps chips with spread data on subcarriers in the time domain andoutputs the chips to switch 2902.

Switch 2902 outputs the chips output from time domain mapping section2808 to subcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to orhigher than a predetermined level and outputs the chips output fromfrequency domain mapping section 2807 to subcarriers having propagationchannel quality lower than a predetermined level.

Through the above described operation, radio communication apparatus2800 maps data to carrier frequencies having propagation channel qualitylower than a predetermined level in the frequency domain and maps thedata modulated under a modulation scheme having a higher M-ary numberthan symbols spread in the frequency axis domain to carrier frequencieshaving propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level in the time axis domain.

Next, an example where data transmitted from radio communicationapparatus 2800 is received will be explained. FIG. 30 is another blockdiagram showing the configuration of a radio communication apparatusaccording to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Radio communication apparatus 3000 in FIG. 30 is provided with demappingsection 3001, despreader 3002, despreader 3003, demodulator 3004,demodulator 3005 and decoder 3006, and is different from the radiocommunication apparatus in FIG. 8 in that despread symbols of dataspread in the time axis domain are demodulated under a demodulationscheme having a higher M-ary number than despread symbols of data spreadin the frequency domain. Furthermore, demapping section 3001 isprincipally comprised of frequency domain demapping section 3007 andtime domain demapping section 3008.

Following the decision result of decision section 807, demapping section3001 unites chips mapped in the time axis domain of received signals ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level into one piece of data and unites chips mapped inthe frequency domain of received signals of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality lower than a predetermined level into onepiece of data.

Despreader 3002 despreads the remapped data and outputs the despreaddata to demodulator 3004. Despreader 3003 despreads the remapped dataand outputs the despread data to demodulator 3005.

Demodulator 3004 demodulates the received data and outputs thedemodulated data to decoder 3006. Demodulator 3005 demodulates thereceived data under a modulation scheme having a higher M-ary numberthan demodulator 3004 and outputs the demodulated data to decoder 3006.For example, demodulator 3004 demodulates the data with BPSK or QPSK anddemodulator 3005 demodulates the data with 16 QAM or 64 QAM. Decoder3006 decodes the received data.

Next, details of demapping section 3001 will be explained. FIG. 31 is ablock diagram showing an example of the configuration of the demappingsection of the radio communication apparatus of this embodiment.Demapping section 3001 in FIG. 31 is principally comprised of demappingcontroller 3101, switch 3102, frequency domain demapping section 3007and time domain demapping section 3008.

Based on the decision result output from decision section 807, demappingcontroller 3101 controls switch 3102. Furthermore, demapping controller3101 outputs the frequencies of subcarriers having propagation channelquality equal to or higher than a predetermined level and thefrequencies of subcarriers having propagation channel quality lower thana predetermined level to switch 3102.

Demapping controller 3101 outputs the number of subcarriers havingpropagation channel quality equal to or higher than a predeterminedlevel to time domain demapping section 3008 and outputs the number ofsubcarriers having propagation channel quality lower than apredetermined level to frequency domain demapping section 3007.

Switch 3102 outputs the received signals transmitted with subcarriershaving propagation channel quality equal to or higher than apredetermined level to time domain demapping section 3008 and outputsthe received signal transmitted with subcarriers having propagationchannel quality lower than a predetermined level to frequency domaindemapping section 3007.

Time domain demapping section 3008 unites chips mapped on respectivesubcarriers in the time domain into one piece of data and outputs thedata to despreader 3003. Frequency domain demapping section 3007 uniteschips mapped on respective subcarriers in the frequency domain into onepiece of data and outputs the data to despreader 3002.

Thus, in an OFDM-CDMA communication, the radio communication apparatusof this embodiment modulates symbols spread in the time axis domainunder a modulation scheme having a higher M-ary number than symbolsspread in the frequency axis domain, maps chips on which transmissiondata is spread on subcarriers having a propagation channel environmentbetter than a predetermined level in the time axis domain and maps chipswith spread data modulated under a modulation scheme having a low M-arynumber or using no multivalues on subcarriers having a propagationchannel environment worse than a predetermined level in the frequencydomain, and therefore, it is possible to achieve the effect ofmaintaining orthogonality among spreading codes when chips are spread inthe time domain and the frequency diversity effect when chips are spreadin the frequency domain simultaneously.

The above described mapping in the frequency domain may also beperformed two-dimensionally, in the time axis and frequency axis.

Furthermore, the above described modulator and demodulator have beenexplained with a combination of BPSK or QPSK and 16 QAM or 64 QAM, butthe multivalue modulation/demodulation scheme is not limited to theabove described combination.

Furthermore, in the above described explanations, an inverse Fouriertransform and fast Fourier transform are used as the methods ofsuperimposing data on a plurality of subcarriers, but it is alsopossible to use orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform.

In the present invention, there is no limit to the order in thearrangement of chips in the time domain and the arrangement of chips inthe frequency domain and any one of the two can be performed first.

Furthermore, the respective function blocks used in the explanations ofthe above described embodiments are typically expressed as an LSI whichis an integrated circuit. These may be integrated into a single chipindividually or may be integrated into a single chip so as to includesome or all of the function blocks.

Here, an LSI is used, but the LSI may be called IC, system LSI, superLSI or ultra LSI depending on the difference in the degree ofintegration.

Furthermore, the technique of implementing an integrated circuit is notlimited to an LSI and the technique may also be realized with adedicated circuit or general-purpose processor. It is also possible touse an FPGA (Field. Programmable Gate Array) which is programmable aftermanufacturing of an LSI or a reconfigurable processor which allowsconnections and settings of circuit cells in the LSI to bereconstructed.

Moreover, with the advance of semiconductor technologies or differenttechnologies derived therefrom, if a technique of implementing anintegrated circuit which can substitute for an LSI appears, integrationof the function blocks can be naturally realized using such atechnology. For example, biotechnology may be possibly applied.

The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No.2002-238530 filed on Aug. 19, 2002 and Japanese Patent Application No.2003-295614 filed on Aug. 19, 2003, entire content of which is expresslyincorporated by reference herein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is suitable for use in a radio communicationapparatus, communication terminal apparatus and base station apparatuscombining OFDM and CDMA.

-   FIG. 1-   DATA-   101 CODER-   102 MODULATOR-   103 SPREADER-   106 MAPPING SECTION-   107 IFFT SECTION-   108 P/S CONVERTER-   109 G.I ADDITION SECTION-   110 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   104 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   105 DECISION SECTION-   FIG. 5-   FROM MODULATOR 102-   103 SPREADER-   106 MAPPING SECTION-   504 FREQUENCY DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   503 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   TO IFFT SECTION 107-   FROM DECISION SECTION 105-   501 MAPPING CONTROL SECTION-   FIG. 8-   807 DECISION SECTION-   806 CHANNEL ESTIMATION SECTION-   808 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   801 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   802 G.I DELETION SECTION-   803 S/P CONVERSION SECTION-   804 FFT SECTION-   805 DEMAPPING SECTION-   809 DESPREADER-   810 DEMODULATOR-   811 DECODER-   DATA-   FIG. 9-   805 DEMAPPING SECTION-   FROM FFT SECTION 804-   904 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   903 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   TO DESPREADER 809-   FROM DECISION SECTION 807-   901 DEMAPPING CONTROLLER-   FIG. 10-   106 MAPPING SECTION-   FROM MODULATOR 102-   103 SPREADER-   1001 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAPPING SECTION-   503 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   TO IFFT SECTION 107-   FROM DECISION SECTION 105-   501 MAPPING CONTROLLER-   FIG. 11-   1101 THRESHOLD-   FIG. 13-   805 DEMAPPING SECTION-   FROM FFT SECTION 804-   1301 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEMAPPING SECTION-   903 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   TO DESPREA.DER 809-   FROM DECISION SECTION 807-   901 DEMAPPING CONTROLLER-   FIG. 14-   DATA-   DATA-   1401 CODER-   1402 MODULATOR-   1403 MODULATOR-   1404 SPREADER-   1405 SPREADER-   1406 MAPPING SECTION-   1407 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAPPING SECTION-   1408 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   107 IFFT SECTION-   108 P/S CONVERTER-   109 G.I ADDITION SECTION-   110 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   FIG. 15-   REDUNDANT BIT SPREADING CHIP-   INFORMATION BIT SPREADING CHIP-   FIG. 17-   801 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   802 G.I DELETION SECTION-   803 S/P CONVERSION SECTION-   804 EFT SECTION-   1701 DEMAPPING SECTION-   1707 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEMAPPING SECTIO-   1708 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   1702 DESPREADER-   1703 DESPREADER-   1704 DEMODULATOR-   1705 DEMODULATOR-   1706 DECODER-   DATA-   DATA-   FIG. 18-   DATA-   DATA-   1801 CODER-   1802 CODER-   1803 MODULATOR-   1804 MODULATOR-   1805 SPREADER-   1806 SPREADER-   1807 MAPPING SECTION-   107 IFFT SECTION-   108 P/S CONVERTER-   109 G.I ADDITION SECTION-   110 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   FIG. 19-   1805 SPREADER-   HIGH CODING RATE DATA-   1806 SPREADER-   LOW CODING RATE DATA-   1807 MAPPING SECTION-   1901 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAPPING SECTION-   1902 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   TO IFFT SECTION 107-   FIG. 20-   HIGH CODING RATE DATA SPREADING CHIP-   LOW CODING RATE DATA SPREADING CHIP-   FIG. 22-   801 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   802 G.I DELETION SECTION-   803 S/P CONVERSION SECTION-   804 FFT SECTION-   2201 DEMAPPING SECTION-   2202 DESPREADER-   2203 DESPREADER-   2204 DEMODULATOR-   2205 DEMODULATOR-   2206 DECODER-   2207 DECODER-   DATA-   DATA-   FIG. 23-   FROM FFT SECTION 804-   2201 DEMAPPING SECTION-   2301 TWO-DIMENSIONAL DEMAPPING SECTION-   2302 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   2202 DESPREADER-   2203 DESPREADER-   FIG. 24-   DATA-   2401 CODER-   2402 MODULATOR.-   2403 SPREADER-   2404 SPREADER-   2405 MAPPING SECTION-   2406 FREQUENCY DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   2407 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   104 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   105 DECISION SECTION-   107 IFFT SECTION-   108 P/S CONVERTER-   109 G.I ADDITION SECTION-   110 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   FIG. 25-   2405 MAPPING SECTION-   FROM SPREADER 2403-   FROM SPREADER 2404-   FROM DECISION SECTION 105-   2501 MAPPING CONTROL LER-   2406 FREQUENCY DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   2407 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   TO IFFT SECTION 107-   FIG. 26-   807 DECISION SECTION-   806 CHANNEL ESTIMATIOIN SECTION-   808 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   801 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   802 GA DELETION SECTION-   803 S/P CONVERTER-   804 FFT SECTION-   2601 DEMAPPING SECTION-   2606 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   2607 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   2602 DESPREADER-   2603 DESPREADER-   2604 DEMODULATOR-   2605 DECODER-   DATA-   FIG. 27-   2601 DEMAPPING SECTION-   FROM EFT SECTION 804-   FROM DECISION SECTION 807-   2701 DEMAPPING CONTROLLER-   2606 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   2607 TIME DOMAIN .DEMAPPING SECTION-   TO DESPREADER 2602-   TO DESPREADER 2603-   FIG. 28-   DATA-   2801 CODER-   2802 MODULATOR-   2803 MODULATOR-   2804 SPREADER-   2805 SPREADER-   2806 MAPPING SECTION-   2807 FREQUENCY DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   2808 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   107 IFFT SECTION-   108 P/S CONVERTER-   109 G.I ADDITION SECTION-   110 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   104 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   105 DECISION SECTION-   FIG. 29-   2806 MAPPING SECTION-   FROM SPREADER 2804-   FROM SPREADER 2805-   FROM DECISION SECTION 105-   2901 MAPPING CONTROLLER-   2807 FREQUENCY DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   2808 TIME DOMAIN MAPPING SECTION-   TO IFFT SECTION 107-   FIG. 30-   807 DECISION SECTION-   806 CHANNEL ESTIMATIOIN SECTION-   808 RADIO TRANSMISSION SECTION-   801 RADIO RECEPTION SECTION-   802 G.I DELETION SECTION-   803 S/P CONVERTER-   804 FFT SECTION-   3001 DEMAPPING SECTION-   3007 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   3008 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   3002 DESPREADER-   3003 DESPREADER-   3004 DEMODULATOR-   3005 DEMODULATOR-   3006 DECODER-   DATA-   FIG. 31-   3001 DEMAPPING SECTION-   FROM FFT SECTION 804-   FROM DECISION SECTION 807-   3101 DEMAPPING CONTROLLER-   3007 FREQUENCY DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   3008 TIME DOMAIN DEMAPPING SECTION-   TO DESPREADER 3002-   TO DESPREADER 3003

The invention claimed is
 1. An integrated circuit for controlling aprocess comprising: modulating first data using a first modulationscheme to obtain first modulated data; modulating second data using asecond modulation scheme to obtain second modulated data, the secondmodulation scheme being selected from a plurality of modulation schemesand the plurality of modulation schemes including a modulation orderdifferent from a modulation order of the first modulation scheme;mapping the first modulated data on a first region including a pluralityof subcarriers in a direction along a first axis out of both a frequencyaxis and a time axis, the first region being defined by the frequencyaxis and the time axis; and mapping the second modulated data on asecond region including a plurality of subcarriers in a direction alonga second axis out of both the frequency axis and the time axis, thesecond region being defined by the frequency axis and the time axis anddifferent from the first region, and the first axis being different fromthe second axis.
 2. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, whereinthe first modulation scheme is different from the second modulationscheme.
 3. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein themodulation order in the second modulation scheme is higher than themodulation order in the first modulation scheme.
 4. The integratedcircuit according to claim 1, wherein the first modulation scheme isBPSK or QPSK, and the plurality of modulation schemes includes 16 QAMand 64 QAM.
 5. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein themodulation order in the second modulation scheme is higher than themodulation order in the first modulation scheme, and the first modulateddata is mapped on the plurality of subcarriers in the frequency axis ofa predetermined time.
 6. The integrated circuit according to claim 1,wherein the modulation order in the second modulation scheme is higherthan the modulation order in the first modulation scheme, and the firstmodulated data is mapped on the plurality of subcarriers along thefrequency axis and the second modulated data is mapped on the pluralityof subcarriers along the time axis.
 7. The integrated circuit accordingto claim 1, wherein the process further comprises: encoding the firstdata with a first coding rate; and encoding the second data with asecond coding rate different from the first coding rate, wherein theencoded first data and the encoded second data are modulated.
 8. Theintegrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein the process furthercomprises: encoding the first data with a first coding rate; andencoding the second data with a second coding rate lower than the firstcoding rate, wherein the encoded first data and the encoded second dataare modulated.
 9. The integrated circuit according to claim 1, whereinthe process further comprises: spreading the first modulated data with afirst spreading factor to obtain first spread data; and spreading thesecond modulated data with a second spreading factor different from thefirst spreading factor to obtain second spread data, wherein the firstspread data and the second spread data are mapped.
 10. The integratedcircuit according to claim 1, wherein the process further comprises:spreading the first modulated data with a first spreading factor toobtain first spread data; and spreading the second modulated data with asecond spreading factor lower than the first spreading factor to obtainsecond spread data, wherein the first spread data and the second spreaddata are mapped.
 11. An integrated circuit for controlling a processcomprising: receiving first data modulated using a first modulationscheme and mapped on a first region including a plurality of subcarriersin a direction along a first axis out of both a frequency axis and atime axis, wherein, the first region is defined by the frequency axisand the time axis; receiving second data modulated using a secondmodulation scheme and mapped on a second region including a plurality ofsubcarriers in a direction along a second axis out of both the frequencyaxis and the time axis, wherein the second region is defined by thefrequency axis and the time axis and different from the first region,the first axis is different from the second axis, and the secondmodulation scheme is selected from a plurality of modulation schemesincluding a modulation order different from a modulation order of thefirst modulation scheme; and demodulating the received first data andthe received second data.
 12. The integrated circuit according to claim11, wherein the received first data is demodulated using the firstmodulation scheme, and the received second data is demodulated using thesecond modulation scheme.
 13. The integrated circuit according to claim11, wherein the first modulation scheme is different from the secondmodulation scheme.
 14. The integrated circuit according to claim 11,wherein the modulation order in the second modulation scheme is higherthan the modulation order in the first modulation scheme.
 15. Theintegrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein the first modulationscheme is BPSK or QPSK, and the plurality of modulation schemes includes16 QAM and 64 QAM.
 16. The integrated circuit according to claim 11,wherein the modulation order in the second modulation scheme is higherthan the modulation order in the first modulation scheme, and the firstdata is mapped on the first region including the plurality ofsubcarriers of a predetermined time.
 17. The integrated circuitaccording to claim 11, wherein the modulation order in the secondmodulation scheme is higher than the modulation order in the firstmodulation scheme, and the first data is mapped on the first regionincluding the plurality of subcarriers along the frequency axis and thesecond data is mapped on the second region including the plurality ofsubcarriers along the time axis.
 18. A radio transmission apparatuscomprising: a modulator configured to: modulate first data using a firstmodulation scheme to obtain first modulated data, and modulate seconddata using a second modulation scheme to obtain second modulated data,the second modulation scheme being selected from a plurality ofmodulation schemes and the plurality of modulation schemes including amodulation order different from a modulation order of the firstmodulation scheme; and a mapping unit configured to; map the firstmodulated data on a first region including a plurality of subcarriers ina direction along a first axis out of both a frequency axis and a timeaxis, the first region being defined by the frequency axis and the timeaxis, and map the second modulated data on a second region including aplurality of subcarriers in a direction along a second axis out of boththe frequency axis and the time axis, the second region being defined bythe frequency axis and the time axis and different from the firstregion, and the first axis being different from the second axis.
 19. Aradio reception apparatus comprising: a receiving section configured to:receive first data modulated using a first modulation scheme and mappedon a first region including a plurality of subcarriers in a directionalong a first axis out of both a frequency axis and a time axis,wherein, the first region is defined by the frequency axis and the timeaxis; and receive second data modulated using a second modulation schemeand mapped on a second region including a plurality of subcarriers in adirection along a second axis out of both the frequency axis and thetime axis, wherein the second region is defined by the frequency axisand the time axis and different from the first region, the first axisbeing different from the second axis, and the second modulation schemeis selected from a plurality of modulation schemes including amodulation order different from a modulation order of the firstmodulation scheme; and a demodulating section configured to demodulatethe received first data and the received second data.